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> Only at the cost of runtime checks

And those checks are well worth paying for, enough that Rust also has them! I'm sure Rust would have even worse ergonomics if it insisted on no runtime bounds/unwrap checks. The performance cost is low enough that every systems programming language should have spatial safety. To illustrate, Google found that hardening libc++ by adding bounds checks only led to a 0.30% performance impact on their services [1]. It's not hard to imagine that a similar run-time cost affects Zig and Rust. Both languages make attempts to optimize the checks away if the operation is known-safe. Although, maybe Rust is more successful due to the borrow checker.

> and/or misusable allocator passing.

Could you clarify how allocator misuse might lead to a spatial safety violation?

[1] https://security.googleblog.com/2024/11/retrofitting-spatial...



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