Cool! I've wanted to write something similar to turn a python cli into a web app, something like those sites that convert file types but general purpose.
I would be interested in a comparison between this and Jupyter notebooks. Notebooks seem like they'd be easier to use than a specific language for most users.
To my knowledge, no. Terrafirmacraft does have strata of different stone types that stretch for large areas, but these aren't tectonic plates. It does generate biomes based on "lattitude" however.
As another comment mentions, dwarf fortress does do all of this though. I don't think this would work in minecraft though, I think minecraft needs a mix of terrain types near each other to be most interesting, and tectonic plates would spread it out.