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The reason it is so low res is actually more interesting than simple aesthetic choice. Think about the sensor(or eye) needed to view a 3d scene, it is 2d right. So this is a 3d sensor(voxels) for a simulated 4d camera. and then we are looking at the 3d sensor. (with our 2d sensor(eyes)), it's sensor inception.

So it is as low res as it is because it is a bunch of voxels simulating a 4d camera.

The dev put out an interesting video on the topic.


Here the video (from the bottom of the page)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKDMcLW9OnI


There have been other 4D video games with actually good performance though.

They should have used Gaussian Splats, surely this would reduce processing overhead.

Here, this is a lot of fun.

http://www.whence.com/minimodem/


I mean, I'm thinking about upgrading from my tech license so I can start playing with digital modes on HF radio...

damn, this thread is making me feel old...


Quick, what's the difference between a suicide drone and a guided missile?

the good guys bomb is a guided missile, the bad guys bomb is a suicide drone

cruise missiles in the hands of a bad guy is a suicide drone and a suicide drone in the hands of a good guy is a guided missile


a guided missile would never be used against a civilian target! oh wait..

Cost, production capacity, radar cross section, speed, range, payload.

Drone means foam wings, plastic body, propellers, cheap camera, simple inertial navigation, maybe GPS, maybe 10-30 kilogram payload.

Guided missile means, metal airframe, jet engine, depending on targets thermal imaging or radar terminal guidance, radar altimeters, terrain imaging radars, 100 - 500 kilogram payload.

Remote guidance is a very hard problem, modern computers have made it much easier to solve.

Even an 80s missile, required hundred of thousands of dollars of equipment just for guidance. Now all you need is a simple computer, a cheap camera and a cheap accelerometer.

Drones are much easier to down than missiles, but they make it up in volume.


> Drone means foam wings, plastic body, propellers, cheap camera, simple inertial navigation, maybe GPS, maybe 10-30 kilogram payload.

You need to seriously upgrade your level of knowledge about what is available in terms of drones today.


Do you mean stuff like FP-5 Flamingo? These are really cruise missiles. Why would you call it a suicide drone? Because it has wings? Tomahawks have wings. Because the design is based on a target drone, so what the capabilities are very much inline with munitions we call cruise missiles.

The drone/guided missile divide is really about dividing a continuum which on one end has foam wings and raspberry pie equivalents wrapped in tin foil and on the other million dollar tomahawks. The distinction is the price tag and the capabilities really.

Otherwise both are long range guided munitions.


Flamingo is pretty close to a cruise missile in many ways. You correctly observe that this is a continuum but most but not all drones have props whereas all missiles are either rocket based or jet engine based and missiles tend to be a lot faster and do not allow for a change of plan after launch.

So no. But the Lyutyi (sp?), the FP-1 and the Nynja all qualify as drones (and there are many, many more, it's a veritable zoo) if you make that distinction, as do all of the sea-borne gear.


I didn't take it as exhaustive.

While you're alluding to high-end reapers/etc., the majority of drones in the Ukraine-Russia conflict have foam wings and low cost components.


The ones that are decimating the russian oil industry are a bit more impressive than that. The foam wing ones are mostly Shaheds, the Ukrainian ones tend to be made of various plastics and/or fibreglass or composites for the more specialized stuff.

Imo foam wings and low cost components is very impressive. Low cost easy production is an actual tangible benefit. If it destroys the target and is easy cheap to make, it is a better arm.

>"10-30 kilogram payload" - for carrier it is probably a moscito bite

Yeah not so much for it's radars, or for the f35 parked on the flight deck, which may be you know loaded with thousands of gallons of fuel and hundreds of pounds of missiles and bombs.

Sure, it won't sink it, but operations may be disrupted, for hours to days.


Days? If a laundry fire can take out a carrier for weeks, how long do you think a flight deck repair takes?

It was a laundry fire on a ballistic trajectory ;)

depending on how much you trust Trump's ramblings, he told a large audience that the "laundry fire" was actually an iranian attack last week

Depends on whether they can bullseye the laundry chute.

I used to bullseye womp rats in my T-16 back home, they're not much bigger than two meters. ;-)

[flagged]


> A missile with a jet engine?

Yes, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams_F107

> Who makes such things.

Everyone.

> You mean a rocket engine.

Rocket engines are typically used for short range missiles like AGM-65, or ballistic missiles. All cruise missiles use jet engines to achieve long ranges.


Tomahawk missiles are jet engine powered. It’s hard to make a discussion with individuals who cannot get basic vocabulary correct.

Please go back to reddit.


At the moment, cruise speed and manufacturing price.

It's a pretty fun categorization task but guided missile is too broad that could include rocket artillery!

Let's say cruise missiles Vs suicide drone.

The factors that make it a guided missile are presence of a rocket motor (or even turbine).

Suicide drones like the ones were talking about use piston motors.


Cost, I'd guess? There must be a reason why Russia and Ukraine are using more drones than missiles in their strikes. And while capabilities are somewhat different, if a ship carrying oil or LNG get hit by either one, it's going to have some consequences

Everyone is saying cost but I thought the defining factor was whether it can loiter

- 2-4 orders of magnitude in cost.

- One of them I could reliably build a factory for in my garage.


And one of them can't scratch the paint on a modern naval vessel. Anti-ship warheads alone weigh more than an entire Shahed-136 drone.

As has been demonstrated countless times in SINKEX training, it requires literal tons of deep penetrating explosives to severely damage a modern naval vessel. And even then they usually don't actually sink.

Nothing you can cheaply build in your garage will do meaningful damage to a large naval vessel. It will have neither the weight nor the penetration required.


You might need to consider lateral options. What if someone flew 1,000 drones at the windows on the bridge? How many BBs can hit that fancy radar before it is out of service?

Nothing/neither/cant when millions of dollars and hundreds of lives are on the line? 'Are you sure about that?' Defending against these types of threats is well worth considering.


It's the radars really for destroyers. The bridge is not actually where the ship is run during combat.

There is a room called the combat information center, that's where the ship is run from during combat, and that is behind armor, even in modern warships.

Additionally ships are separated into semi independent zones, that can take control of the ship, and continue fighting even if the rest of the ship is on fire.

The real liabilities are the radars, and the rest of the sensors in surface combat ships and the airplanes on deck in the case of aircraft carriers. Aircraft carriers in general are heavily armored compared to other modern warships and it takes a significant amount of firepower to even disable them much less sink them.


It proved nearly impossible to sink the Bismarck and Yamato battleships in WW2 just by shelling them.

Both were rendered useless hulks long before they went under, though.

Considering how the sunk ships at Pearl Harbor were refloated, refitted, and put back into service suggests otherwise.

That's great if you're in a shallow anchorage (average depth: 45 feet). Less so if you sink in the Arabian sea and you're under fire during the refloating process.

I also suspect modern ships are a little more sensitive to complete immersion.

Case in point: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helge_Ingstad_collision

> In May 2019, the Minister of Defense was presented with a report from Defense Material which concluded that a possible repair would cost 12–14 billion and take more than five years. The cost of purchasing a new corresponding vessel was estimated at NOK 11–13 billion, with a completion time of just over five years.

And it didn't even go all the way under.


Your scenario imagines a naive and completely fictional concept of how modern naval systems actually work. That you can’t conceive of why what you are suggesting is effectively impossible means you truly don’t understand the domain.

The reason designed-for-purpose anti-ship missiles/drones are so expensive is they are literally designed to be somewhat effective at executing exactly the scenario you are laying out, while not being naive about the defenses that military ships actually have. Anybody that understands the capability space knows that your scenario wouldn’t survive contact with real defenses.

You are making an argument from fiction. Do you take the “hackers breaking cryptography” trope from Hollywood at face value?


> You are making an argument from fiction.

Much of what we see in Ukraine drone warfare today was squarely in the fiction world a few years ago.

Histroically, this sort of overconfidence is what turns great powers into not so great powers.


Yup. There’s the concept of “mission kill”. It’s very difficult to sink a battleship with 5” guns. Use them to blast off all the range finders, radars, and secondary battery and that ship will be headed home after the battle.

The difference is strategic. A mission kill is a repairable loss. It is an order of magnitude easier to fix a battleship than to build a new one.


Of course, you can use boatloads of cheap drones to kill the radars and CIWS, destroy the planes on deck and other juicy targets.

Then launch a second wave of heavy anti-ship missiles (which you might have too few, due to their costs) to transform mission kills into really sunken ships.

Assuming the opponent will be dumb is .. dumb.


1000 drones of what size?

If they're small - like quadcopter size - then how did you get them in range of a ship more then 10 miles off shore?

If they're large, like back of a pickup sized (which is roughly a Shahed[1] - link for scale) then how did you transport and move them without being noticed and interdicted?

For comparison one of Russia's largest drone attacks on Ukraine, and thus in the world, happened recently and included about 1000 Shaheds over a distributed area.

You're talking about flying a 1000 of something into exactly one target which has CIWS designed to track and kill supersonic missiles at close range (and is likely in a flotilla with data linked fire control).

You might get lucky I guess but I absolutely wouldn't bet on it.

[1] https://united24media.com/war-in-ukraine/russias-new-jet-pow...


> If they're small - like quadcopter size - then how did you get them in range of a ship more then 10 miles off shore?

Ukraine's up to ~40. https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-war-drones-relay-sys...

They're also using their USVs as drone motherships.

> If they're large, like back of a pickup sized (which is roughly a Shahed - link for scale) then how did you transport and move them without being noticed and interdicted?

The Taliban moved pickup-sized loads around just fine.

> You're talking about flying a 1000 of something into exactly one target which has CIWS designed to track and kill supersonic missiles at close range (and is likely in a flotilla with data linked fire control).

Here's one failing to shoot a single Shahed in Baghdad down.

https://www.reddit.com/r/CombatFootage/comments/1rwen7b/cram...

They're weapons of last resort, and they're nowhere near perfect.


It takes a surprisingly small warhead to destroy a 100 million dollar radar array. A mission kill requires much less damage than actually sinking a ship. Take out an Arleigh Burkes radars and it's a 2 billion dollar container ship.

This is no longer true.

As the article says, the Ukrainians have effectively denied the Black Sea to the Russian navy through use of drones.


It's more like, through the combined use of drones, sea-drones, and anti-ship missiles, backed by the productive might and surveillance capability of NATO, against a weak Russian navy. Iran has much weaker capabilities and is fighting a much stronger enemy.

> Iran has much weaker capabilities and is fighting a much stronger enemy.

I mean yes thats true, but you also have to look at the capacity to renew what they are using to fight the war.

Iran appears to have a large supply of drones, enough to overwhelm US defences. Each drone is ~$50k and takes a few weeks to build, the anti-dorne missle (depending on what one it is) costs $4m and take longer.

If trump does decide to take Kharg island, then to stop the troops from being slamai sliced they'll need an efficient, cheap anti drone system, which I don't think the US has (apart from the Phalanx, but there arent enough of those)

To stop the drone threat, they'd have to clear roughly a 1500km circle. no small feat.

the bigger issue is that the goal if this war is poorly defined. It was supposedly to do a hit and run, and gain a captive client. Had they listened to any of the intelligence, rather than the ego, they would have known this would have happened. that has failed, now what, what do they need to achieve? There is no point committing troops if they are there for show. (there was no real point in this war either, well for the US at least.)


> it requires literal tons of deep penetrating explosives to severely damage a modern naval vessel

you don't need to damage it severely. Some holes in radar, on board aircrafts and missiles containers will reduce capability by 80%


Oh I wish I had the money to test your theory. And a garage too.

You can if you live in the US! It isn’t particularly expensive either, high explosives are industrial chemistry. A few dollars per kilo. Maybe a little bit more if you want something fancy.

Thanks to movies, people both seriously overestimate and underestimate the capabilities of highly engineered explosive devices, albeit in different dimensions. Generally speaking, sophisticated military targets are not susceptible to generic explosives. A drone with a hundred kilos of explosive will essentially bounce off a lot of targets. An enormous amount of engineering goes into designing an explosive device optimized to defeat that specific target. They use supercomputers to get this stuff right. Exotic engineered explosive devices are unreasonably capable.

TBH, once you realize the insane amount of engineering that goes into it, it kind of takes the fun out of it. A lot of high-leverage research goes into aspects an amateur would never think about.

This is in some ways a blessing. Amateurs with bad intentions almost always fail at the execution because it isn’t something you can learn by reading the Internet.


Amateurs who try to build their own explosives usually either fail to explode or explode killing the builder.

An older friend of mine at Boeing told me how when he was a teen, he had a teen friend who built a pipe bomb. They drove off to a field to set it off. It didn't explode, so his friend went to investigate. Then it went off, and my friend had the pleasure of driving his gutted friend to the hospital to die.


There's a selection process at work where smart people who know what they're doing don't try to assemble bombs in their garage for fun. If there's a legitimate reason like your country is fighting an existential war the kinds of people who can do things start doing things.

But it's just rare having a person smart enough to be able to do it be stupid enough to try. (and the people who do are nutjob terrorists like Timothy McVeigh)


Cheap as hell, doesn’t need a launchpad and can be launched from a pick up truck, super easy to make and can be scattered all over the country so there’s no central location to bomb to stop them, fly literally meters of the ground so they’re very hard to detect and you can make tens of thousands of them very quickly and very easily.

Cost.

I just watched the associated dev video And if I understand it, what the author is doing is kind of interesting.

The sensor to see a 3d scene is 2d(eye or camera). What is being done here is simulating a 3d sensor(for a 4d world) then we are looking at this 3d sensor using our 2d sensors (eyes). I don't know if this is the common way of rendering these 4d physics simulations. But it is the first I have heard it described this way. It is also why the narrative of the game focuses on eyes, because that is what it is doing.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKDMcLW9OnI


Reminds me a bit of a guy who created a functional virtual camera in Blender with lenses and film layers.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YE9rEQAGpLw


Nitpick - your eyes are, in combination, a 3d sensor. Individually they're 2d sensors, but together they can detect three dimensional information.

Strictly speaking this doesn't make them a true 3d sensor, but rather a 2d sensor with an accompanying depth-map. In order for them to be true 3d sensors they'd be have to transmit information about both the near and far sides of an object simultaneously, for example.

Very true, a 4 dimensional being with 3 dimensional eyes would be able to look inside closed boxes, and see every side of every object at once. (just like we can see every part of a 2d scene all at once)

Not merely 2d + depth perspective.


Arguably, humans are 4-dimensional beings living in a 4-dimensional world—it’s just that one of the dimensions is accessible with much fewer degrees of freedom.

(Not unlike how a seemingly 2-dimensional world of a top-down FPS is actually 3-dimensional, you just have to follow way more rules when it comes to moving in the third one.)


Hmmm... Agreed that they're mostly 2D sensors, but apart from near-field the post-processing brain can use depth-cues to for us 'see' in 3D. Also, you don't see in 3D unless your head/eyes/target is moving, right?

You definitely get 3D from just having twin perspectives on an object. You get even more when moving your head.

I don't want to be the guy who has to use this level editor (although, in a similar way, doom was 2.5d, and so the level editor could essentially be 2d, so maybe it's not so bad?)

If this is 4d doom, i wonder what 4d quake could be


I love solvespace, it is hard to describe but despite it's limitations and problems (and there are many) it feels joyous to use if that makes sense. Something about it's simple and straightforward interface just makes it fun. To the point that my biggest gripe is the modal dialogs that pop when a constraint is deleted or it's conditions cannot be met. It is quite awkward compared to the rest of the workflow.

Anyhow, salutes to the author of this web port, very slick.


>> Anyhow, salutes to the author of this web port, very slick

That credit goes to whitequark, who quit solvespace maintainership in 2020. The branch lingered and suffered some bit-rot. Then a couple people brought it up to date and fixed a few issues. It seemed like a good idea to merge it to prevent it falling behind even though its not quite up to par with desktop. With the newest release we also opted to put this right on the site (even merged a PR today as a result).

Anyway we owe whitequark most the credit for this one even though we havent heard from her in several years.


It sounds like if you are vibe-coding, that is, can't even be arsed to write a simple commit message, your commit message should be your prompt.

We suck at excel because we recognize that it has a bad data model and avoid it. So when we want to calculate something we pick something with better structure. something more pleasant to use than the spreadsheets "it's a big bag of cells" approach.

Really, spreadsheets are fine, they probably hit that sweet spot for easy to get something together and deep enough to express complex needs. But I have to admit, now that I have better tools I don't enjoy doing work in them anymore.


I feel it's the extreme of "static vs dynamic languages". In Excel, even variables (cells) are dynamic, not fixed names in a lexical scope.

The reactive programming aspect is genuinely good; I wish my business logic could be expressed declaritively and the system just reacted automatically.

I also find it fascinating to consider the looks-like-a-spreadsheet-but-statically-typed-and-scoped world (airtable is a step in this direction, for example).


This is also something I really want, what is the best way to include constraint solvers? I have been messing around with sympy see what insights it provides in this domain, but to actually use it the cad DSL would have to be python, is there an easy way to build a simple constraint solver out of a normal imperative workflow?

The California law says nothing about verification or immutability, what if someone made a mistake when putting in their age? Why do we need to hide it? Better to just let the user change this at will.

Yeah the most likely thing (for the California law, at least) is that compliant OS's expose a form at account creation where you input a birthdate or age, and have either a CLI/file/setting where you can change the birthdate or age with admin permissions. No verification is needed

Here is the exact text of the california law, make your own opinion.

https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml...

What I got out of it was that an os has to provide an interface to applications so that if they make an age request(note that the law says nothing about when or what applications will make a age request) the os can provide something. and it has to provide an interface for the user to enter the information.

So when we map this requirement onto the mechanism of how the os provides information to applications. and how users set up the system. I have come to the conclusion that compliance on a unix-like platforms is as simple as

echo ${AGE_CATEGORY} > ~/.config/ca_ab_1043

Then the program can get the age category anytime it wants to. the user is able to put this information in at account setup just like the law asks using an accessible interface, the same interface everything else on a unix-like platform uses, the shell.


You’d need some script that updates the age category based on the user’s provided birthday (which is not shared with the applications) but otherwise yeah

No you don't, the compliant user will up date this information as necessary.

The law says the user provides the birthdate or age and the bracket is derived from it

I wish the legislators thought about the privacy implications of this, because anyone can learn your birthday by watching when the category changes.

The brackets are a few years wide, so it could take a bit of waiting. But yeah I’d consider setting a slightly different day/month for a child if I was paranoid.

I guess you could also make the bracket selectable instead of requiring the age


> The brackets are a few years wide, so it could take a bit of waiting.

There are millions of people moving between the proposed age brackets every day. This is a DoB-gifting firehose to ad tech.


Ad tech doesn't need this feature to know roughly how old you are.

Also, various sites were already legally required to gather this information anyway to know if someone is over or under 13.

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