10-20% seems high; even right now, programmers make up about 1% of the US workforce and computer and mathematical occupations combined account for less than 3% of the US workforce (halve the numbers to get percentage of US population).
That's the current percentage of professionals, which is likely to increase. It doesn't include many "programmers" whose occupation is listed under engineering or finance or management or security, or anyone who does it as a hobby instead of an occupation.
And why do you expect the students and retirees who constitute the non-working half of the population to have a different long-term composition?