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> We do not place SSH certificates on laptops because it is difficult to control everything that individual employees run on them. Even though they are centrally managed, laptops are more prone to vulnerabilities than the bastion servers. Therefore, we do not trust them with SSH private keys.

If the laptop doesn't have an SSH private key, how do you SSH to the bastion host?

> In your .ssh/ directory, you'll see id_ecdsa and id_ecdsa.pub. Copy the latter to the CA server and get it signed. Because this is public information, the transport isn't important. You can copy and paste, or fax it; just don't copy id_ecdsa anywhere.

The transfer of id_ecdsa.pub doesn't need secrecy, but it does need integrity. You don't want to accidentally sign an attacker's public key.



> If the laptop doesn't have an SSH private key, how do you SSH to the bastion host?

These hosts use centralized LDAP and Kerberos installations to share account information, and they require two-factor authentication to protect against password leakage

It appears that you use your password + some unspecified second factor.




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