That's from the KJ C++ toolkit library, which is part of the Cap'n Proto project, which is my own work that predates my time at Cloudflare. We're using this in the Workers engine and updating the code as needed.
Yes, I know, NIH syndrome. But it has been pretty handy to be able to jump in and make changes to the underlying HTTP code whenever we need to.
I hope to spend some time writing better docs for KJ, then write a blog post all about it.
The only major dependencies of the core Workers runtime are V8, KJ, and BoringSSL.