It's a vending machine for exchanging BTC and local currency. Depending on the type it may be linked to an account at an exchange or else rely on scanning QR codes for the receiving address (either the users or the machine's). Some only sell BTC, while others support both buying and selling.

I imagine that this was one of the models that was linked to an exchange account, since the QR-based versions make it fairly obvious where the funds are going and won't work unless you first set up a receiving account and present the QR code for the machine to scan.