The most surefire way to know if a site is behind Cloudflare (orange cloud is on) is by hitting /cdn-cgi/trace (e.g. https://news.ycombinator.com/cdn-cgi/trace) which is the debug output from Cloudflare’s HTTP server. There’s no way to my knowledge that route can be disabled or overriden.
Anyway, no, HN is not on Cloudflare, at least at the moment.
for our sites behind cloudflare, it seems to be a routing issue (among possible other things) - some visitors can still access the sites, others can't. traffic went down roughly 60%.
Seems to be intermittent, and perhaps dependent on which POP you are hitting. I have been getting PagerDuty alerts that are flapping between triggered and resolved.