Thank you for the questions, I would suggest you a couple of really good resources on YouTube that makes learning this kind of notions quite enjoyable and profitable.
If you already have some basics of electronics and you want to deepen the computational aspect, Ben Eater did an exceptional video series on how to build a Computer on a breadboard. You can check it out here:
Thanks for the prompt response! Book-wise do you have any suggestions? I would be interested in acquiring some more knowledge on circuit prototyping and so on. As a side, was this your first design / iteration?
A must-have book is "Computer Organization and Design" by Patterson.
The board shown in the video is the very first iteration of the project. As you may see there are some patches and rewiring that I have fixed already.
I also improved the design considerably in v2, the schematics and code on GitHub are up to date.
This new version will include more general-purpose registers, improved stack pointer, and expansion bus, together with an LCD display interface.
If you already have some basics of electronics and you want to deepen the computational aspect, Ben Eater did an exceptional video series on how to build a Computer on a breadboard. You can check it out here:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLowKtXNTBypGqImE405J2...
and here: https://eater.net/.
He goes through the definition of a logic gate, on how to build each module of the Computer, up to the meaning of computation and Turing completeness.
If you're more concerned on the electronic side you here are a couple of very good channels to start with:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCi4UZoZM0Iw9_tTeRjZd_bA
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCosnWgi3eorc1klEQ8pIgJQ