It doesn't need to be taken on a smartphone. It's sufficient to open facebook on a smartphone only once (app or web) in roughly the same timeframe that the picture was taken. It can then look where one has been in the timeframe when the picture was taken by comparing the picture timestamp with the list of checkin ip addresses, and do a geolookup of the ip address against a location database.
Again, that doesn't align with my experience. The first smartphone I owned was when I arrived in the UK. In NZ, I was restricted to an old Nokia work phone.
