Isn't that more like "decentralized vs centralized" though? In my experience talking with coworkers about online vs offline apps, the article's definition is what we use. Granted, I've worked exclusively in Web dev for years so maybe it's all contextual.
Yes and no, IMO. While these are different classifications, some concepts can be cross applied.
Decentralized essentially means absence of built-in omniscient entity - each end every connection is treated as one between equally correct peers. It does not mean that a pair of entities cannot establish hierarchy, it simply means they do not have to.
Take git for example. There is nothing forcing us to treat github/gitlab/etc as the omniscient node even if it is central point of data exchange - you are free to disagree with the upstream changes. Local data is always there, all local overwrites are explicit and so on. Contrast this with something like online game. The server will tell the client what their state is - there is a central entity controlling the truth.
Web can be interesting in this context, since there are multiple "tiers" of nodes: user applications, backend servers, databases. Data control and conflict resolution properties usually are different among nodes in the same tier and between tiers.
I don't view things like the article states, and I likely won't for a number of reasons other commenters have stated, plus one more:
If offline is online with with extreme latency, then "extreme latency" must include "infinitely long latency". But accommodating infinitely long latency requires a different approach than if you assume that a server will be contacted at some point.
