Gosh, I always assumed they were factual. Now I'm wondering the factualness of the old "15 people have this in their shopping cart" and "This is a popular item - limited stock left".
I always assume they're lies. In fact, I default to assuming every marketing tactic purely presents lies and the goal is to get my money by any means possible.
Entirely factual. It's "Someone from <city> bought <product> <period of time since purchase> ago!" with a picture of the product. All purchases are real.