It the quotas were proportional there would have been way smaller number of Soviet Jews with university diplomas.
Jews were disproportionally represented in universities in USSR even with all the quotas.
Similar quotas also existed for Russians and other non-locals in national republics - e.g. it was much harder for a Russian to be admitted to the university in Uzbek SSR compared to an Uzbek.
This was a bit more nuanced than just Anti-Semitism.
It depends on the location - there are also documented instances where locals weren't admitted to universities/jobs, since they were assigned preferentially to Russian imigrants.
Soviets had a quite complex migration policy, including moving people around "by order" (both forced mass movements of nationalities and also job location assignments that could move you 2000km away), and also 'carrot/stick' with having opposite policies in various parts of USSR to achieve whatever people/nationality migrations and grand social engineering plans they had.
Jews were disproportionally represented in universities in USSR even with all the quotas.
Similar quotas also existed for Russians and other non-locals in national republics - e.g. it was much harder for a Russian to be admitted to the university in Uzbek SSR compared to an Uzbek. This was a bit more nuanced than just Anti-Semitism.