"If the public can't even understand a basic chemical formula, then it's probably hopeless to think they'll understand the more complex issues that are typically involved in public health, like complex dose effects and ambiguous epidemiology."
The general public doesn't understand any complex subjects, wether it's chemistry, health, technology or politics (just to name a few). This is why anyone in a suit or lab coat can use field specific terms to assure the public to keep calm and carry on - or panic.
The mainstream media acts as a catalyst to this problem by also not having experts in the required fields reporting on the subjects. And who is to point out the flaws in the those media stories? Blogspot? Twitter? Facebook? Good luck getting anyone to read those that aren't already following of the subject.
Another example of chemophobia in the general public. The perception that all chemicals are bad for you is commonly accepted, although far from the truth.
Slate magazine did an excellent teardown on this issue, I share this link frequently:
This was either planned or well handled by the radio station, announce a suspension to generate news and traffic to their website, get people talking about it on facebook, and the DJs were back on the air on Wednesday.
It's almost more of a prank on news outlets which will repeat any non-story.
The big issue here is not that "the public can't even understand a basic chemical formula"--it's that so many people are willing to take something they hear in a morning radio show at face value (and panickedly call up the local utility, rather than search online for verification).
Actually, the big issue here is that the radio station took disciplinary action against the DJs, instead of standing behind them. Usually the type of DJs that would do Apr 1 pranks are on the edgy side, and are hired for their edginess. So they were just doing their job. If I were in this station's listening area, I would be on the phone with their advertisers to let them know in no small way that I dis-approve of the action the station took.
Broadcast radio is basically a consolidated hollowed out shell of its former self. Outside of public and college radio there is nothing interesting happening there at all.
What you are saying is that the problem is that people assume that radio shows fact-check their claims and don't actively try to deceive their audience.
No, you can't reasonably expect everyone out there to both 1. understand chemical formulas and 2. understand their long form names (which is a significantly different case, as people here seem to be forgetting).
In my opinion, you also can't blame a couple of DJ's for making what to many of us is just a dumb joke without first considering what many of us would also call an illogical, ill-informed, totally unfounded backlash. They put together a lot of material very quickly and part of their job is being, to a point, controversial.
That this could be construed, through misunderstanding, as something that could be called a felony and termination-worthy... while you can see it (if not agree with it) in hindsight, to suggest that they should have known better seems a bit out of step with reality.
This could and should have been dealt with by way of a mild reprimand and an on-air explanation and apology. That they were fired and that people are discussing litigation (if not pursuing it, which is not clear from the article) is a severe and dangerous overreaction of the sort that's becoming painfully common everywhere.
It's amazing how everybody is so quick to dismiss the general public as "stupid" just because they are not familiar with some domain specific terminology.
I don't think anyone says the public is stupid because they don't know what Dihydrogen Monoxide is. The problem is that no one saw the need to do a one minute wikipedia search for the term before panicking and calling the local authorities. Because that is stupid.
How much you want to bet the water company didn't know the chemical name of water is dihydrogen monoxide? Otherwise they could have explained to the callers that dihydrogen monoxide is, in fact, water and they were simply victims of an April Fool's joke. But that doesn't seem to be the path that was taken.
"Dihydrogen monoxide", shortened to "DHMO", is a name for water that is consistent with basic rules of chemical nomenclature, but is not among the names published by IUPAC and is almost exclusively used in humorous context.
The nose in the tent is that they didn't say it's full of water, they said it's full of [something I've never heard of], and presented in a newsy-alarming way, in venue where people are accustomed to getting snippets of news while they're doing something else. "Traffic on the freeway, be careful." "It's cold today, dress warm." "Something you've never heard of in the water, take precautions."
Suspension and disavowal probably went too far. A corporate and DJ apology would have been enough.
It was something facetious and intended as an "is your refrigerator running"-style prank. I am sure that most recipients of that call did in fact have refrigerators that were running, too. As a waste of government resources, such pranks are a problem. That line is intended as an emergency number. Chemical spills and biological contamination in water supplies is not a joke. These people just thought they were being clever.
What percentage of people recognize first glance off the bat what hydrogen monoxide is? Europeans versus Americans?
Instead of proclaiming Americans are a bunch of uneducated idiot, maybe one should find out the base rate for knowing basic chemistry fact like dihydrogen monoxide.
Oh stop being so high and mighty. Chemophobia! Really?
H2O is probably the most widely known chemical formula - go out and ask twenty random people what it is and you will get 19 answers for water.
Ask those same 19 people what dihydrogen monoxide is at 8am on a Tuesday when they are trying to get kids dressed and out the door, then say "contaminated" and the answer will be "I don't know but it sounds nasty"
Yes it's true - half of the population is below average intelligence, but amazingly they still seem to hold down jobs, pay mortgages, drive complex journeys and raise children. And when a public policy issue crops up - don't play silly in jokes but use plain English (like water) and explain - the IPCC has succeeded there.
OpEd politics is like programmin puzzles - it appeals to people who like puzzles. If you don't get a kick out of puzzles you won't concentrate on them. And the latest political oped piece, education or science understanding will just seem to most people as vital to existence as fix buzz. But no one here has a convincing explanation or solution to say US education policy - and neither will the people who did not recognise dihydrogen monoxide - but I will bet dollars to doughnuts they can all tell the difference between a good and bad teacher and want their children to go to the school of the former.
A comment recently mentioned how poor the voter turnout was - but given a introspective and mostly deadlocked congress, apathy is a rational response. Even those below average intelligence can work that one out. Those who refuse apathy are above average I other ways, emotionally, optimistically and more.
You're probably correct that those 19/20 won't know at first what dihydrogen monoxide is. The pressing question is though, whether those 19 would/should call the water commission before either:
A. Thinking about it
B. Spelling the chemical formula out
C. Googling it
This has very little to do with being high-and-mighty. I don't believe the author's point was to illustrate how uneducated the general population is, but rather, highlight how little thinking/work the general population does before complaining/protesting/getting up in arms.
You're asserting that, simply because people are capable of holding down jobs, owning homes and producing kids, that the general stigmatization of sciences and pervasive anti-intellectualism is insignificant because people can still intuit what constitutes as good and bad education and policy? This is absurd. Just because people may be capable of functioning in the real world without access to scientific knowledge does not meant that we shouldn't pursue the proliferation of such knowledge. Whether people need to know what Dihydrogen Monoxide is is largely inconsequential. Insofar as scientific knowledge is, unto itself, a good thing, policymakers should strive to promote it, regardless of its practical implications.
It's preferable to be an informed functioning citizen than an uninformed functioning citizen, despite the fact that they are both capable of doing their jobs every day.
As an aside, "Half of the population is below average intelligence" is false. Half of the population is below the median intelligence.
?? I thought those were two distinct things. The median is the "middle" amount in a set of numbers, while the average or mean is the sum of all the numbers in the set, divided by how many numbers there are.
In coloquial terms, the average is synonymous with the mean, and the median is treated as distinct. Moreover, if he truly meant that half of the population was below the median, why would he use an ambiguous term like the "average?" At worst, it's incorrect, and at best, it's an ambiguity that is not necessarily correct.
> at best, it's an ambiguity that is not necessarily correct.
It is definitively correct.
You knew what he meant, you just wanted another jab to back up your argument. If you're going to be pedantic at least be correct.
Let's divide the world into 3 types of people.
Type A.
Those without enough mathematical knowledge to pick up on any
possible ambiguity. Who probably don't really know what median means in the first place (the majority of people).
Type B.
Those with enough mathematical knowledge to understand what he means by "average." (probably the majority of people on hacker news)
Type C.
Those who got just far enough in math to realize that there is a difference between arithmetic mean, and median, but not far enough to realize that average is a general term.
Which of those types are going to confused by the term average instead of median?
> H2O is probably the most widely known chemical formula ... Ask those same 19 people what dihydrogen monoxide is ... the answer will be "I don't know but it sounds nasty" ... Yes it's true - half of the population is below average intelligence
I'd go further.
It's really easy to think the meaning of "dihydrogen monoxide" is obvious if you already know how to parse terms written in that language. But it's far from obvious.
To understand what "dihydrogen monoxide" means, you have to know that "di" means "two", and that "oxide" refers to oxygen. You also have to realise that "mon" in this context means "one" - note that it's not "mono", because if it was "mono" then it would be "mono-xide". Actually, it's harder than that, because you need to know how you should break down the words into their components - e.g. that "dihydrogen" should be broken down into "di"-"hydrogen" but not "dihy"-"drogen".
If you haven't learnt the language used to spell out chemical formula you don't have a way to understand the details. I'm sure there's plenty of smart, well educated people who don't have this specific knowledge yet know full well that water is two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
This issue is more a matter of knowledge than intelligence.
I can't recall about here in Australia - I did Chemistry as an elective in the final 2 years of high-school, but I can't recall if everyone did that kind of thing in chemistry in earlier years or not.
...but you also have to remember that high-school was a long time ago for a lot of people, and facts like what the prefix "di" means is hardly something most people are going to need to keep in their heads, so are likely to fade over time.
When I was in high school (graduated in 2006), we were only required to take chemistry OR biology, but not required to take both. Those in my class who were afraid of math (most of them) took biology, while the rest of us enjoyed our chemistry fun.
Also, mentioning on a radio station that it's in the local water supply as though it's news is very different from off-handedly mentioning it in a friendly conversation where you can immediately let them know what the joke is.
Europe's just as full of uneducated people as the rest of the world. But on top of them, we have tons of pseudo-educated pseudo-intellectual smart asses that make smarty "educated people" jokes that equate knowledge of how things from chemistry or physics are called with real scientific knowledge of those things and spread fud like "science is about facts" or "physics is about memorizing equations".
What I love about the US is that there seemed to be very few "pseudo-educated" people or "pseudo-intellectuals", just tons of uneducated people and few smart and educated ones, but without this annoying "middle layer" that seems to suffocate most European countries I know.
...all that said, I still can't stop enjoying the "are you American or something" jokes :) (http://i.imgur.com/OQYYA.jpg)
I would be surprised if the joke did not work as well in e.g. France.
The only thing specific to the US compared to Europe is the influence of hard core christian on things like evolution. But for every other usual pseudo science crakery like astrology, magnetism, etc... there is little difference (see e.g. http://www.pseudo-sciences.org/spip.php?article1132 where a majority of French and American believe you can heal people with the power of thought....)
To the European - I previously visited Europe and one thing I remember is the Europeans love to smoke cigarettes. If Europeans are so clearly educated in chemistry they would clearly not inhale something that contains formaldehyde (used in rat poison and bug spray) and other toxic chemicals.
Also, I suggest asking your father or mother if they understand what "Dihydrogen Monoxide" actually is. The article does not mention the age of the callers...I'm willing to bet they are elderly people.
What's cigarettes for us, is alcohol and firearms in the USA, especially the firearms part, given the near-anarchist position in the USA, and the abolishment position prevalent in most of Europe.
> What's cigarettes for us, is alcohol and firearms in the USA, especially the firearms part
Since we're on topic of science and ignorance, no it's not.
>> Using cross-sectional time-series data for U.S. counties from 1977 to 1992, we find that allowing citizens to carry concealed weapons deters violent crimes and it appears to produce no increase in accidental deaths.[1]
This whole thread denouncing ignorance is full of depressingly ignorant opinions.
What about the gang-related murders and gun violence in the "black" regions of cities? The multiple school shootings which happen EVERY YEAR in the US? And still nothing, absolutely NOTHING happens on the weapons control laws?
I can't even remember when the last gun-related school shooting was here in Germany.
This is just a symptom of what is actually wrong with our society. It has nothing to do with skin color. We have a lack of opportunity for young people coming from a poor background. People do fall between the cracks...
Also, let's be fair. Germany is not one to talk about gun violence. Last I remember, Germany was an aggressor in both World War I and World War II. Both wars accounted for roughly a 100+ million dead or wounded. Could you explain how "weapons control laws" could have prevented these wars? Don't get me wrong, I am for gun control...but really, it is not going to help until we fix other, more immediate socio-economic issues.
I still think the europeans drink more than americans. The germans have an entire week of festivities focused on beer; I don't recall the americans having anything similar. Their drinking age is lower, and you can always find beer/wine dispensers at local bistros where you can just fill up your cup without showing any ID.
You might want to examine the underpinnings of your desire to find fault with Americans since this kind of comment raises much more questions about your psychology than it does about Americans.
The fact is that this joke sometimes even temporarily fools people who are familiar with water's molecular make-up (and yes they do teach this in every American high school) because most common substances are not referred to by their chemical name.
I have to admit that especially in Germany there is a huge, huge bias (from our news media) towards pointing the USA as a nation of radical right-wing retards.
US-related news here is mainly about: Tea Party, gun violence, wars, more Tea Party, corruption and dumbness on both popular parties, sheer political idiocy (sequester), and a record amount of bigotry throughout the society.
To the USA: deal with your external image before starting to whine when other people laugh at you.
Yes, of course. But the overall cultural assumption that science is something dangerous that Washington is pushing on the Real Americans is pretty powerful. And since that cultural assumption is a power base and a profit base, there are a lot of entrenched interests keeping it right where it is.
But this particular issue isn't even that. This particular issue is the fact that Americans have been trained for decades to jump at shadows, to worry about every possible threat. This is partly because frightened people are easy to control, and partly because hidden corporate powers really are allowing their health to be at risk to make a slightly quicker buck.
It's easy to be alarmed about a technical term you've never heard before, and "monoxide" sounds like "carbon monoxide", which everybody knows is an undetectable gas that can kill your children in their sleep.
It's not as simple as just "stupid", yes. But it's not too complicated, either, is it?
These guys got punished for making fun of the general stupidity of others. It would be okay if the people weren't so ignorant (or conditioned) that they'd be terrified so easily.
If you think about it, it's not too different from people being afraid of making certain kinds of cartoons out of fear of offending certain groups of people. Think about it.
Punishing them was a simple and convenient knee-jerk response. It should've been used as an opportunity for education instead.
It's funny and sad how often we struggle to educate people on a day to day basis, yet we throw away fantastic educational opportunities like this one. It's not everyday you have everybody's attention. And what do we choose to do with that attention? "Look at this fearmongerer, mocking you people! We shall punish them."
Few politicians have the guts to tell the electorate that they're dumb. THAT'S where it's "not so simple". We perpetuate and participate a system where we will never tell the electorate that they're stupid, uninformed.
It's not as simple as just stupid- it's intelligence being punished for having fun with stupidity, and representatives choosing to ingratiate themselves to the stupids because they're dependent on them for their livelihood.
> It's not as simple as just "stupid". It never is.
You are of course correct. It is not "stupid" but it is "ignorant" (both of the chemical terms used in the prank and of the critical thinking skills necessary to work out that "dihydrogen monoxide" is just "water")
True about the "it's not as simple" point - but why did the people call the water department first instead of a quick Googling of the term?
I mean, it should be widely known that US news organizations often have a massive bias cough Fox News cough, so it should be the first thing to do to do at least a bit of fact checking.
This article just won a Godwin point: basically if only the rich whites are taken into account, the American school is better than the Canadian one ... sure, that's a nice way to evaluate an education system ...
Yup, you must be right, there are only rich white people in America. I was commenting that although the vast majority of European countries and also Canada tend to have single-digit percentages of visible minorities compared to 34% of the United States, they are often quick to accuse the U.S. of racism, or fail to understand the implications of a truly multicultural society. Germany has 6% of its population with ancestry outside of Europe, yet there is this "Integrationsfrage" that gets a more lip service than you can imagine. Basically, it is encouraging a lot of countries quite literally to look in a mirror before judging. The U.S. education system has failings, but its populace is fundamentally different what the above commenter was trying to compare it to.
Well, the problem with minorities in US, Germany and everywhere else, is that usually they are immigrant, poor, living in bad neighborhoods, so yeah, they will pretty much score lower at school, have much more crime, etc. But not because they are Mexican, Gipsy, Turkish, but because they are poor immigrants.
European countries score much better on LOTS of performance indicators, several of which have been on HN the last weeks:
Medical coverage (both insurances, and the quality of the medical service itself), school education levels in standardized tests, financial stability (both the country itself as well as the individual states), average wealth, poor-rich spread, amount and quality of science research... so yes, we Europeans DO get something done. In contrast to the USA, where everything actually important is either blocked off by extremist tea baggers or cut down by the sequester (which is a side effect of the mentioned teabaggers).
It's not my fault that the USA in general doesn't care about their external image. I'm just pointing out what the rest of the world thinks about the USA.
The general public doesn't understand any complex subjects, wether it's chemistry, health, technology or politics (just to name a few). This is why anyone in a suit or lab coat can use field specific terms to assure the public to keep calm and carry on - or panic.
The mainstream media acts as a catalyst to this problem by also not having experts in the required fields reporting on the subjects. And who is to point out the flaws in the those media stories? Blogspot? Twitter? Facebook? Good luck getting anyone to read those that aren't already following of the subject.