I don't know if any firms specifically identify themselves as being "Adaptive Enterprises" or not, but I think there are examples of some companies which appear to use at least some of the ideas. The firm mentioned in TFA may well be one. W.L. Gore[1] and Valve[2] are other firms that come to mind that, while they don't use the term, appear to have structures which bear at least some similarity to what Haeckel describes.
Back in 1999 when Haecke wrote "The Adaptive Enterprise" he said there were no full-fledged examples of a firm which was totally based on the idea. Whether or not there are any today, I can't say for sure.
What I will say, is that I think there is a lot of reason to think that this approach might be a good idea, and to think that it's still an emerging trend.
