Yes. Machine vision has advanced a lot in recent years and it might just be possible. There is at least one startup trying to make self-driving cars with just machine vision.
Computing the differences between several cameras can be a judge of distance, but you can also see how much the object moves as the car moves, and get an estimate based on normal machine vision (how big objects like that normally are, objects nearby it, where it's shadow is, etc.)
Do you happen to remember the name of this startup?
I have been thinking of experimenting with automated driving. Have started reading up on computer vision and found some encouragement from things like these: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcm9NpMNi68
Computing the differences between several cameras can be a judge of distance, but you can also see how much the object moves as the car moves, and get an estimate based on normal machine vision (how big objects like that normally are, objects nearby it, where it's shadow is, etc.)