There would be France and the UK. Why do you consider the UNSC as an interesting subset when comparing governmental abuses? This is a genuine question.
The UK does everything the US does and more, just without the pretense of a concern for freedom. France is a cesspool of corruption and systemic bigotry, particularly towards Islamic people. The Security Council are the most powerful countries in the most widely recognized international decision making body. I think it's a fair way to identify US "peers".
The permanent members of the UNSC are the countries that were the most powerful at the end of World War II, not the countries that are most significant in the present day.
...and? What does that have to do with the current discussion?
You are partially correct but by and large the UNSC members are the key levers globally.
Regardless, the UNSC comment was to indicate that Russia is very much considered a peer of the USA. If they are not to be compared/contrasted then the debate is meaningless.
The OP compared one member of the UN Security Council with another. There are five permanent members.
Are any of the UNSC on your list?