NYC is the most extreme case. A good local example of is the San Mateo Bridge, at rush hour the San Mateo Bridge / 92 interchange backs up the 101 all the way to Woodside (several miles) but clears up after that. By the time they get around to expanding the bridge or adding another one (ha, when pigs fly) the demand will cause whatever the replacement is to be jammed as well as I would assume many more people would live in the East Bay which is cheaper.