> Why has there been such a dramatic turnaround in medicine, but not engineering or technology?
AFAIK, there's been a fairly dramatic turnaround in some areas of engineering and technology (biotechnology particularly), modest turnaround in others, and substantially less turnaround (even compared to other engineering and technology domains in general) in computing, both hardware and software, domains.
Biotechnology, like medicine, may benefit from the fact that the early preparation overlaps substantially with the early preparation for traditionally female-dominated fields (e.g., nursing) such that early interest isn't socially discouraged even in contexts where gender stereotypes about appropriate careers remain significant social influences.
AFAIK, there's been a fairly dramatic turnaround in some areas of engineering and technology (biotechnology particularly), modest turnaround in others, and substantially less turnaround (even compared to other engineering and technology domains in general) in computing, both hardware and software, domains.
Biotechnology, like medicine, may benefit from the fact that the early preparation overlaps substantially with the early preparation for traditionally female-dominated fields (e.g., nursing) such that early interest isn't socially discouraged even in contexts where gender stereotypes about appropriate careers remain significant social influences.